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THE SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION REGARDING THE PRODUCTS IN THIS MANUAL ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. ALL STATEMENTS, INFORMATION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE BUT ARE PRESENTED WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. USERS MUST TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR APPLICATION OF ANY PRODUCTS. THE SOFTWARE LICENSE AND LIMITED WARRANTY FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PRODUCT ARE SET FORTH IN THE INFORMATION PACKET THAT SHIPPED WITH THE PRODUCT AND ARE I
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This Internetworking Solutions Guide (ISG) describes how to implement and operate a dial network management system (NMS) that provides management functions for a dial Internet access service (DIAS). 7 This guide is intended for network engineers and operators who implement and operate dial NMS systems. This guide assumes that you have the following level of knowledge and experience: : An understanding of NMS protocols, such as Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP),
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( This guide describes the following network protocols, functions, and NMS applications: : Protocols—SNMP and NTP. : Functions—Syslog, modem call records, Cisco IOS command-line interface (CLI), Log File Rotator, Device Navigator, web-based management, and War Dialer. : NMS applications—UCD-SNMP, Multi Router Traffic Grapher (MRTG), HP OpenView (HPOV), and CiscoWorks 2000 Resource Manager Essentials (CW2000 RME). This guide does not provide the following information: : Descri
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Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or reference to materials not contained in this manual. -
Means the described action saves time. You can save time by performing the action described in the paragraph. - Means the information might help the reader solve a problem. 2
See the following related documentation and web sites for more information: : Technical References and Support : Internet
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: Access Technology Software Center—Provides the firmware for modem upgrades. http://www.cisco.com/kobayashi/sw-center/sw-access.shtml : Increasing Security on IP Networks—Addresses network-layer security issues. http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ics/cs003.htm : Carnegie Mellon CERT® Security Improvement Modules—Provides information about security management. http://www.cert.org/security-improvement/ : Cisco
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(( : Managing Modems (Cisco IOS 12.1)—Describes configuration and troubleshooting tasks for dial access environments. http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios121/121cgcr/dialts_c/dtsprt2/dcdm odmg.htm : Modem Management Commands (Cisco IOS 12.1 and 12.0)—Provides two lists of Cisco IOS modem commands used for configuring and troubleshooting modems. http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios121/121cgcr/dial_r/drdshom.htm http://
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(12 Cisco documentation and additional literature are available in a CD-ROM package that ships with your product. The Documentation CD-ROM, a member of the Cisco Connection Family, is updated monthly. Therefore, it might be more current than printed documentation. To order additional copies of the Documentation CD-ROM, contact your local sales representative or call customer service. The CD-ROM package is available as a single package or as an an
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70 The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application-layer protocol that facilitates the exchange of management information between a network management system (NMS), agents, and managed devices. SNMP uses the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol suite. There are three versions of SNMP: : SNMP Version 1 (SNMPv1)—The initial implementation of the SNMP protocol, which is described in RFC 1157 (http://www
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Figure 1 illustrates the relationship between the managed devices, the agent, and the NMS.
Management Entity NMS Agent Agent Agent Management Management Management Database Database Database Managed Devices 70 -)(
There are three basic SNMP message types: : Get—NMS-initiated requests used by an NMS to monitor managed devices. The NMS examines di
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# Get request Response Get next NMS Response initiated Get next Response Trap (agent initiated) NMS Agent (Cisco IOS device) 6, ; A Management Information Base (MIB): : Presents a collection of information that is organized hierarchically. : Is accessed by using a network-management protocol, such as SNMP. : References managed objects and object identifiers. Man
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6, ; SNMP must account for and adjust to incompatibilities between managed devices. Different computers use different data-representation techniques, which can compromise the ability of SNMP to exchange information between managed devices. 6, ; SNMPv1 is the initial implementation of the SNMP protocol and is described in RFC 1157 (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1157). SNMPv1: : Functions within the specifications of the Structure of Ma
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6, &; : Application-wide data types—Including these seven types: Network addresses—Represent addresses from a protocol family. SNMPv1 supports only 32-bit IP addresses. Counters—Nonnegative integers that increase until they reach a maximum value; then, the integers return to zero. In SNMPv1, a 32-bit counter size is specified. Gauges—Nonnegative integers that can increase or decrease but retain the maximum value reached. Time ticks—A h
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& The SMI defines the rules for describing management information by using ASN.1. RFC 1902 (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1902) describes the SNMPv2 SMI and enhances the SNMPv1 SMI-specific data types by including: : Bit strings—Comprise zero or more named bits that specify a value. : Network addresses—Represent an address from a protocol family. SNMPv1 supports 32-bit IP addresses, but SNMPv2 can support other types of add
