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MUG 9/1/99 10:36 AM Page 1
COLOR
Materials
Usage
Guide
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ONCE YOU’VE MADE YOUR FIRST SMART DECISION, MAKE THE NEXT. _ To maintain peak performance in your new color equipment, use only the best Xerox Supplies. Designed side-by-side with the engineers who make the equipment, our supplies improve quality and productivity, and can even reduce service calls. For maximum color performance, make the next smart decision with Xerox Supplies. ® ® Xerox , The Document Company , the digital X and all Xerox products mentioned herein are trademarks of XEROX CORPO
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Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Making the best decision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Answers to these question and more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Papers for today’s business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 About this guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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How to Order Paper like a Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 How paper is categorized – in the USA and Canada . . . . . . . . . 21 Business papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Book papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Speciality m
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Color Materials Usage Guide Introduction Today, office documents are no longer limited to black and white. There are literally thousands of choices: colors, images, paper and multiple technology options. Desktop publishing, color laser printing, on-demand and digital full-color printing offer many document creation choices but also present some challenging questions — especially when it comes to choosing paper. Making the best decision Which paper is best for a full-color image? Which pape
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ABOUT THIS GUIDE About this guide Symbols The following symbols have been used to help you quickly find information you need. The Key indicates that the information provided is important for you to know. CAUTION: These statements inform you of actions that may result in mechanical damage to the copier/printer. WARNING: These statements alert you to actions which may cause personal injury. Terminology On some Xerox copier/printers, the manual feed tray on the side of the machine is referred
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ABOUT PAPER About Paper Fundamentals of Paper This guide will help you to understand the variables that occur during the paper-making process that influence paper performance, and why paper may not always work the way you think it should. You’ll be able to use this knowledge where it really counts... when making paper choices for documents that are important to you. Let’s take a look at the papermaking machines. Running at speeds of 3000 feet a minute, the typical paper machine produces abo
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ABOUT PAPER What Happens When Dry Ink Meets Paper How dry ink interacts with a paper’s surface directly influences how ideas are translated into the tones and values that make up an image. This section takes a look at the how dry ink, paper properties and the optical characteristics of paper impart certain qualities in finished documents. Printed images are actually an optical illusion created from a pattern or screen of dots. When dry ink meets paper Dry ink is a dry powder used in xerogra
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ABOUT PAPER Important Paper Properties for Color Xerography Paper influences on document quality Variables in the paper-making process can influence the quality and performance of the finished paper. While some variables are controlled to create specific stocks, others may result in imperfections. Formation – Formation is how fibers are distributed on a sheet. Poor fiber formation can cause mottle or uneven, spotty dry ink distribution in images with high solid area coverage. To gain ins
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ABOUT PAPER Grain Direction – The grain of a paper is the direction in which most of the fibers lie. During the paper-making process, the majority of the paper fibers align parallel with one another. Depending on how the paper is cut to its finished size, it will be either grain-long (the grain is parallel to the longer dimension of the paper), or grain-short (the grain is parallel to the shorter dimension of the paper). One method used to determine the grain is to fold a sheet of pape
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ABOUT PAPER Stiffness – Stiffness refers to the rigidity, or bending resistance of paper. Thicker papers are usually stiffer. 2 In general, paper that is less than 16 lb (64 g/m ) is more likely to bunch up or wrinkle in the copier/printer, causing jams and 2 misfeeds. Heavier weight papers, over 28 lb (105 g/m ), may have runability problems as well as print quality defects (skips, blurs, deletions) due to their reduced ability to bend around the transfer drum. Usually, reliable feeding
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ABOUT PAPER Finish/Smoothness – Finish is the smoothness or roughness of a paper’s surface. Finish may be controlled by the surface (wire or felt) pattern used to carry the pulp mixture through the paper-making machine, by adding coatings, and through the calendering process which smooths and polishes the paper surface. Calendering is a series of polished stainless steel rollers which compress the surface fibers and add gloss to the sheet. The smoothness of paper has a significant impa
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ABOUT PAPER Impurities– Impurities in the paper-making process can leave tiny specks in some paper stocks which may result in undesirable marks or spots on the image of your copy or print. (This is especially true with many recycled papers since some impurities may not be removed in the recycling process.) Hint: The specks in recycled papers may interfere with some images and fine type in documents. Although Xerox is a supporter of recycled papers, we recommend non-recycled papers
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ABOUT PAPER Optical paper qualities that influence image quality The performance of dry ink is affected by the following paper characteristics: Shade - Opacity - Brightness - Reflectivity Shade – Paper shades may change the appearance of color images because dry ink is applied in dot patterns (or screens) which allow a certain amount of the paper color to show through. Paper shade can also vary significantly among brands. Hint: Select a true white paper for truer color and more natural
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ABOUT PAPER Reflectivity – When dry ink is applied to a smooth surface paper, such as gloss, the resulting image is sharper because the image is reflected back in a straightforward direction. Light Light Images resulting from dry ink applied to a rough surface are Image Image not as sharp because the image reflection is scattered in several directions. Hint: Select paper with a smooth, reflective surface for sharper images. Reliability Curl – Excessive paper curl may cause jams. The s
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ABOUT PAPER If the wrapper on a ream of paper is not marked with an arrow showing the wire side of the paper, the side of the paper facing the seam of the package is the wire side. Or, you can determine the curl side by holding a one-half inch stack of paper by one of the short edges. Let the paper hang with the long edge parallel to your body. Either the lower edge or the two side edges will curl slightly toward the center. Observe which way the edge or edges curl. This is the curl side.
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ABOUT PAPER Moisture content Moisture content directly affects reliability and image quality. Too much moisture can cause excessive paper curl, paper jams, and image quality problems. Moisture levels that are too low can cause static problems, which can also result in paper jams. Moisture content must be uniform within the ream. The ream should not be allowed to lose or absorb moisture during storage. Moisture-proof ream wrappers are essential to maintaining the correct moisture level.
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ABOUT PAPER Friction coefficient This term refers to the frictional differences between two adjacent sheets of paper and between paper and the copier/printer feed rolls or belts. Since most Xerox digital color copier/printers are designed with friction feeders, the correct frictional properties of the paper are important in order that friction be uniform throughout each sheet. Also, relative friction that is too high or too low causes misfeeds, multifeeds, and jams. There is no way to meas
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ABOUT PAPER Paper Storage Paper is normally shipped in fiberboard cartons. The number of reams in a carton depends on the size of the paper. If a large quantity of paper has been ordered, the cartons are stacked on wooden pallets. Mishandled cartons (e.g., dropped, thrown, or struck with a fork lift), may result in damaged paper, some of which may not be immediately obvious. The use of damaged paper increases the frequency of paper jams and other feeding problems. Do not store the cartons
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ABOUT PAPER Stacking If the cartons or individual reams are to be stacked, they should be placed carefully on top of one another to avoid crushing the edges or causing any other damage. The cartons should be stacked no more than five cartons high. Pallets of paper may be stacked three high. Temperature and humidity The temperature of the room where paper is stored can have a significant effect on how that paper performs in the copier/printer. The control of humidity is one of the most impor
