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PC-Nikkor
35mm
f/2.8
Nikon INSTRUCTION MANUAL
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NOMENCLATURE Preset ring alignment index Preset ring Aperture ring Distance scale Depth-of-field indicators Infrared index Distance scale index 2
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Apertu re scale Aperture ring alignment index Focusing ring Shift scale Shift knob Maximum permissible shift value index Maximum permissible shift values Mounti index 3
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CONTENTS FOREWORD Foreword ........ ...... .. .4 The PC-Nikkor 35mm f/2.8 is a retrofocus-type Mou nti ng the lens .......... . 5 perspective control (PC) lens with an optical Setting the aperture . . .. -. . .... 6 construction of 7 elements in 7 groups. The Stop-down measurement. .. .. -.7 image circle of th is lens is wider than regular Focusing ............ ... .. 8 35mm wideangle lenses providing a coveri ng Depth of field .. ...... .. ... 9 angle of 78° ; thus image quality is insu
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MOUNTING THE LENS The PC-Nikkor 35mm fj2.8 mounts on all Nikon and Nikkormat cameras. To mount the lens, position it in the camera's bayonet mount so that the mounting index dots on the lens and the camera are aligned. Then, grasp the milled surface of the mounting ring and twist the lens counterclockwise until it clicks and locks into place. (See "Stop-Down Measurement" on page 6 for metering procedures.) To remove the lens from the camera body, press the lens release button on the ca
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SETTING THE APERTURE The PC-Nikkor is provided with a manual diaphragm operable from f/2.8 to f/32 and a spring-loaded preset ring to aid in setting the diaphragm quickly to the shooting aperture; a total of eight click-stop positions, at full-stop intervals, makes for precise placement of the preset ring. Also, identical sets of f/numbers are engraved on opposite sides of the front rim of the lens to facilitate operation when the lens is used inverted. To set the aperture, the followin
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Stopped-Down Measurement The PC-Nikkor lens must be stopped down to deter mine the exposure when used on TTL cameras. Because the finder image progressively becomes darker as the lens is stopped down, you should focus first before taking a meter reading. It is important to note that exposure measurement must be performed before the lens is shifted; should measurement be performed after shifting, erroneous meter readings may occur. With automatic exposure cameras, such as the Nikon F3 ,
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FOCUSING The aperture and preset rings of the PC-Nikkor enable focusing at full aperture for the brightest viewfinder of the diaphragm to the pre image, with rapid setting set shooting aperture. Having set the preset ring to the desired aperture setting, focus as follows: Turn the aperture ring to the f/2.8 setting to open the diaphragm fully for focusing (photo 1) ; then turn the focusing ring until the image on the focusing screen is in sharp focus (photo 2). Before releasing the shu
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Depth of Field Recommended Focusing Screens Depth of field refers to the zone of acceptab le focus Various interchangeable focusing screens are extend ing in front of and behind the plane of sharpest available for F3- and F2-series cameras to suit any type of lens or picture-tak ing situation. focus. Within this zone, image blur is negligible and Those which are recommended for use with everything can be considered as being in sharp focus. your lens are listed below. For screens used T
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SHIFT AND ROTATION MOVEMENT The front part of the PC-Nikkor shifts up to 11 mm from the center in a plane parallel to the film, and 0 the whole lens mount rotates through a full 360 . By combining the parallel shift with the rotation movement of the lens, an infinite variety of adjust ments can be made. To shift the lens, turn the knurled shift knob. The knob should always be turned so that it is facing away from the direction in which the lens is to be shifted. The shift scale shows t
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Maximum Permissible Shift Depending on the direction of shift, however, there is a maximum permissible shift, beyond which distortion and/or vignetting may occur in the picture corners, because the film format is rectangular while image area produced by the lens is circular. The amount of maxi Diagram 1 mum permissible shift (7, 8 or 11) is indicated in millimeters at each click-stop on the lens barrel. The diagrams at right show the limits based on the direc tion of shift. Ii ntttmtt
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FRAMING As long as the camera is held in a position parallel to the subject when shooting, it reproduces scenes more or less as the eye sees them, with no unpleasant per spective distortion. However, shooting from this position often produces unbalanced composition, since the camera is usually used close to ground level. Much unwanted foreground is included in the lower . half of the frame, while part of the main subject, for instance the top of a building, is excluded (Fig. 1). Fig.1
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Inevitably, the camera must be tilted in order to include the top of the building and minimize the foreground (Fig. 2). But with the camera tilted, the plane of the film is no longer parallel to the subject, and because the image size varies according to subject distance, the nearer parts of the subject are repro duced on a scale larger than those farther away. The sides of the building appear to converge, as if the building were leaning back or falling. Similar distor tion occurs in ho
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FRAMING - continued The PC-Nikkor's shift and rotation movements enable you to create balanced composition without tilting the camera, so that the film remains parallel to the plane of the subject (Fig. 3). To photograph a tall building, hold the camera parallel to the plane of the building. Rotate the lens mount until the milled knob points downward, and sight the subject on the focusing screen. Now turn the milled knob until all of the building is visible and unwanted foreground area
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PANORAMAS The shift movement of the PC-Nikkor can also be used for making panoramic pictures by joining exposures. Its advan tage over the normal lens mounted on panoramic equipment is that it enables you to maintain exactly the same film plane in both exposures so that the fin ished photographs will match exactly. With the ordinary lens, the camera must be moved after the first exposure in order to take in a new arc of the horizon. This movement changes the film plane, so that vert
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To take panoramic shots, place the lens in normal position, shift scale facing upward, and operate the milled shift knob to shift the lens as far to the left as possible. Compose, focus, and shoot. With out moving the camera, wind the film advance lever to advance the film one frame, and rotate the lens mount through 0 180 so that the shift scale faces straight down. Now make the second exposure. 17
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PANORAMAS - continued When making enlargements, be sure These two exposures together cover a horizontal angle of 78° without turning the camera, 4° more that the negative is absolutely parallel than the range of a 24mm wideangle lens, and with to the easel to prevent distortions. the added advantage of larger image size. The table All of the focusing adjustments on below gives a comparison of the angles of various the enlarger should be maintained wideangle lenses and the PC-Nikkor panor
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PC-Nikkor 35mm 24mm :o~din:;~::-----~1------------: • • • • • • I • I • • •
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DEPTH-Of-fiELD TABLES (ttl Reproduction 2.8 4.0 5.6 8.0 11.0 16.0 22.0 32.0 ratio jZ It 13" 1" 7" 1" 13" 3" 11" 1" 5" 3" 1" 9" 1" 3" 10 1 1 1 1/5.4 11;(;-1'4 11 -1'6 11"2- ';(; 11~'-1't 11;(;-1'1;(; "6- ';(; 1116- '6 11;(;-1'16 6 1.3 1'2~':"'1'3ft' 1'2" - 1'4ft' 1'1~':"' 1 '4~" 1'11:'-1'5!:!" 117.6 1'2~r-1'3f' 1'2 f:"'1'3f' 1'2k- 1'3ft' 1'2f'-1'3f' 16 16 1" 7" 13" 5" 1'41:'-1'8 X ' 1.5 1'5~':"'1'6~' 1'5r-1'6~' 1 1'3;(;-1'10 1/9.7 1'5 f--1'6f' 1'5r- 1'6~" 1'4;(;,,.-17;(;,, 1'3
