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Mac OS X Server
Command-Line Administration
For Version 10.4 or Later
Second Edition
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K Apple Computer, Inc. Apple, the Apple logo, AppleShare, AppleTalk, Mac, © 2006 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. Macintosh, QuickTime, Xgrid, and Xserve are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other The owner or authorized user of a valid copy of countries. Finder is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Mac OS X Server software may reproduce this publication for the purpose of learning to use such Adobe and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems s
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1 Contents Preface 15 About This Guide 16 Using This Guide 16 Understanding Notation Conventions 16 Summary 16 Commands and Other Terminal Text 16 Command Parameters and Options 17 Default Settings 17 Commands Requiring Root Privileges 18 Getting Documentation Updates 18 Getting Additional Information Chapter 1 21 Executing Commands 21 Opening Terminal 22 Specifying Files and Folders 23 Modifying Flow Control 23 Redirecting Input and
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34 What is an SSH Man-in-the-Middle Attack? 34 Controlling Access to SSH Service 35 Connecting to a Remote Computer 35 Using SSH 36 Using Telnet Chapter 3 37 Installing Server Software and Finishing Basic Setup 37 Installing Server Software 38 Locating Computers for Installation 39 Specifying the Target Computer Volume 39 Preparing the Target Volume for a Clean Installation 40 Installing from Multiple CDs 40 Restarting
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59 Viewing or Changing Sleep Settings 59 Viewing or Changing Automatic Restart Settings 60 Changing the Power Management Settings 60 Viewing or Changing the Startup Disk Settings 61 Viewing or Changing the Sharing Settings 61 Viewing or Changing Remote Login Settings 61 Viewing or Changing Apple Event Response 61 Viewing or Changing the International Settings 62 Viewing and Changing the Login Settings Chapter 6
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79 Computer Name 79 Hostname 80 Bonjour Name 80 Managing Preference Files and the Configuration Daemon 81 Changing Network Locations Chapter 7 83 Working with Disks and Volumes 83 Understanding Disks, Partitions, and the File System 83 Mounting and Unmounting Volumes 84 Mounting Volumes 84 Unmounting Volumes 85 Displaying Disk Information 85 Monitoring Disk Space 86 Reclaiming Disk Space Using Log-Rolling Scripts 87 Erasing, Modifying, Verifying, and Repairing Disks 89 Parti
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107 Modifying a User Account 108 Creating a Mobile User Account 109 Managing Home Folders 11 0 Administering Group Accounts 111 Creating a Group Account 11 2 Removing a Group Account 11 3 Adding a User to a Group 11 4 Removing a User from a Group 11 6 Creating and Deleting Nested Group 11 7 Editing Group Records 11 8 Creating a Group Folder 11 8 Viewing the Workgroup a User Selects at Login 11 9 Importing Users and Groups 120 Creating a Character-Delimited User Import File 123 Setting Permission
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142 Disconnecting AFP Users 143 Canceling a User Disconnect 144 Listing AFP Service Statistics 145 Viewing AFP Log Files 146 Managing the NFS Service 146 Starting and Stopping NFS Service 146 Checking NFS Service Status 146 Viewing NFS Service Settings 146 Changing NFS Service Settings 147 Managing the FTP Service 147 Starting FTP Service 147 Stopping FTP Service 147 Checking FTP Service Status 147 Viewing FTP Service Settings 148 Changing FTP Service Settings 148 List of FTP Service Settings 15
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167 Pausing a Queue 167 Listing Jobs and Job Information 168 Holding a Job 169 Viewing Print Service Log Files 169 Viewing Cover Pages Chapter 11 171 Working with NetBoot Service and System Images 171 Understanding the NetBoot Service 171 Starting and Stopping NetBoot Service 172 Checking NetBoot Service Status 172 Viewing NetBoot Settings 172 Changing NetBoot Settings 173 Changing General Netboot Service Settings 173 Storage Record Array 174 Filters Record Array 174 Image Record Array 175 Port
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200 Obtaining an SSL Certificate 200 Importing an SSL Certificate into the Keychain 200 Accessing the Server Certificates 201 Creating a Password File 202 Configuring Mailboxes 202 Enabling Sieve Scripting 203 Enabling Sieve Support Chapter 13 207 Working with Web Technologies 207 Understanding Web Technology 208 Managing the Web Service 208 Starting and Stopping Web Service 208 Checking Web Service Status 208 Viewing Web Settings 209 Changing Web Settings 209 serveradmin and Apache Settings 209
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225 Checking the Status of DNS Service 225 Viewing DNS Service Settings 226 Changing DNS Service Settings 226 DNS Service Settings 226 List of DNS serveradmin Commands 226 Viewing the DNS Service Log 226 Listing DNS Service Statistics 227 Configuring IP Forwarding 227 Managing the Firewall Service 228 Firewall Startup 228 Starting and Stopping Firewall Service 228 Checking the Status of Firewall Service 228 Viewing Firewall Service Settings 229 Changing Firewall Service Settings 229 Firewall Ser
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246 Enabling IP Failover 247 Configuring IP Failover 248 Enabling PPP Dial-In 248 Restoring the Default Configuration for Server Services Chapter 15 251 Working with Open Directory 251 Understanding Open Directory 251 Using General Directory Tools 251 Testing Your Open Directory Configuration 252 Modifying a Directory Domain 252 Testing Open Directory Plug-ins 252 Registering URLs with SLP 252 Changing Open Directory Service Settings 253 Managing OpenLDAP 253 Configuring LDAP 254 Configuring sla
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274 Viewing Service Logs 274 Forcing QTSS to Reread its Preferences 275 Preparing Older Home Folders for User Streaming 275 Configuring Streaming Security 275 Resetting the Streaming Server Admin User Name and Password 276 Controlling Access to Streamed Media 276 Creating an Access File 278 Accessing Protected Media 278 Adding User Accounts and Passwords 278 Adding or Deleting Groups 278 Making Changes to the User or Group File 279 Manipulating QuickTime and MP4 Movies 279 Creating Reference Mov
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14 Contents
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About This Guide This guide describes Mac OS X Servers command-line interface tools and commands, including the syntax, purpose, and parameters, as well as examples of usage and any output that they generate. This guide is written for system administrators familiar with administering and managing servers, storage, and networks. Beneath the interface of Mac OS X is a core operating system commonly known as Darwin. Darwin integrates a number of technologies, most importantly Mach 3.0, operat
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Using This Guide This guide describes commands that perform functions used to configure and manage Mac OS X computers. Chapters in this guide describe sets of commands that work for specific aspects of the operating system. Use this guide to:  Learn which commands are available for specific tasks  Learn how the commands work, and how to execute them  Review examples of command usage Understanding Notation Conventions The following conventions are used throughout this book. Summary Notati
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Parameters You Must Enter as Shown If you must enter a parameter as shown, it appears following the command in the same font. For example: $ doit -w later -t 12:30 To use the command in this example, enter the entire line as shown (without the $ and space). Parameter Values You Provide If you must provide a value, its placeholder is italicized and has a name that indicates what you need to provide. For example: $ doit -w later -t hh:mm In this example, you replace hh with the hour and mm wi
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Getting Documentation Updates Periodically, Apple posts revised guides and solution papers. To download the latest guides and solution papers in PDF format, go to the Mac OS X Server documentation webpage: www.apple.com/server/documentation. Getting Additional Information For more information, consult these resources: Read Me documents—Important updates and special information. Look for them on the server discs. Man pages (developer.apple.com/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/)—The
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This guide ... tells you how to: Mac OS X Server File Services Share selected server volumes or folders among server clients Administration for Version 10.4 or using these protocols: AFP, NFS, FTP, and SMB/CIFS. Later Mac OS X Server Print Service Host shared printers and manage their associated queues and print Administration for Version 10.4 or jobs. Later Mac OS X Server System Imaging Use NetBoot and Network Install to create disk images from which and Software Update Macintosh compute
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This guide ... tells you how to: Mac OS X Server Xgrid Manage computational Xserve clusters using the Xgrid application. Administration for Version 10.4 or Later Mac OS X Server Interpret terms used for server and storage products. Glossary: Includes Terminology for Mac OS X Server, Xserve, Xserve RAID, and Xsan 20 Preface About This Guide
