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HP-UX Routing Services Administrator’s
Guide
HP-UX 11i v2
Edition 1
Manufacturing Part Number: B2355-90777
August 2003
U.S.A.
© Copyright 2003 Hewlett-Packard Development Company L.P. All Rights Reserved.
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Legal Notices The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this manual, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be held liable for errors contained herein or direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. Warranty A copy of the s
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© Copyright 1989-93 The Open Software Foundation, Inc. © Copyright 1986 Digital Equipment Corporation. © Copyright 1990 Motorola, Inc. © Copyright 1990, 1991, 1992 Cornell University © Copyright 1989-1991 The University of Maryland © Copyright 1988 Carnegie Mellon University Trademark Notices UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through The Open Group. Intel Itanium Processor Family is a trademark of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and ot
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Contents About This Document 1. Overview The mrouted Routing Daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Multicasting Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 DVMRP Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 IP Multicast Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Contents D: Major Router. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 E: Major Router. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Controlling RIP Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Configuring the OSPF Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
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Contents Tracing gated Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Operational User Interface for gated – gdc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 The gated Routing Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 The ripquery Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 The ospf_mo
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Contents 8
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About This Document This manual describes the various routing daemons supported in the HP-UX 11i v2 operating system.It is one of the five new manuals documenting the Internet Services suite of products. See “Related Documentation” on page 11 for a list of the other new Internet Services manuals. These manuals replace the manual Installing and Administering Internet Services (B2355-90685), which was shipped with previous releases of the operating system. This manual assumes that the HP-UX 11i v2
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Publishing History Table 2 provides, for a particular document, the manufacturing part number, the respective operating systems, and the publication date. Table 2 Publishing History Details Document Operating Publication Manufacturing System Date Part Number Supported B2355-90110 10.x June 1996 B2355-90147 11.0 October 1997 B2355-90685 11.11 December 2000 11.20 11.22 B5969-4360 11.22 April 2002 What Is in This Document HP-UX Routing Services Administrator’s Guide is divided into chapters, each o
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Related Documentation For more information about the Internet Services suite of products, see the following books: • HP-UX Internet Services Administrator’s Guide Provides an overview of the Internet Services products and describes how to install and configure them on your HP-UX 11i v2 operating system. You can access this manual at the following URL: http://www.docs.hp.com/hpux/netcom/index.html#Internet%2 0Services • HP-UX Mailing Services Administrator’s Guide Provides information about the Ma
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Many sections of this manual refer to RFCs for more information about certain networking topics. These documents publicize Internet standards, new research concepts, and status memos about the Internet. You can access the full range of RFC documents and more information about the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) at the following URL: http://www.ietf.org/rfc.html You can obtain additional information aboutmrouted and IP multicast routing from the following RFC (Request for Comment) document
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a hot link to the manpage itself. From the HP-UX command line, you can enter “man audit” or “man 5 audit” to view the manpage. Seeman (1). Book Title The title of a book. On the Web and on the Instant Information CD, it may be a hot link to the book itself. ComputerOut Text displayed by the computer. Command A command name, qualified command phrase, daemon, file, or option name. $ The system prompt for the Bourne, Korn, and POSIX shells. # The superuser prompt. Variable The name of a variable that
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• The version of HP-UX that you are using. 14
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1 Overview A router is a device that has multiple network interfaces and that transfers Internet Protocol (IP) packets from one network or subnet to another within an internetwork. In many IP-related documents, this device is also referred to as a gateway. The term router is used in this Chapter 1 15
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Overview manual. The router stores all the routing information in the form of a routing table. Routing tables contain the routes to reach a particular network, and also identify the router to which the datagram packet can be passed for this purpose. The routing tables must contain the latest routing information. Routing protocols perform the task of updating the routing tables with the latest routing information. The primary function of a routing protocol is to exchange routing information with
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Overview The mrouted Routing Daemon The mrouted Routing Daemon mrouted (pronounced “M route D”) is a routing daemon that forwards IP multicast datagrams, within an autonomous network, through routers that support IP multicast addressing.mrouted implements the Distance-Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP). The ultimate destination of multicast datagrams are host systems that are members of one or more multicast groups. Multicasting enables a client to establish one-to-many and many-to-many c
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Overview The mrouted Routing Daemon of the multicast datagrams. You can achieve this by using topological knowledge of the network to implement a multicast forwarding algorithm called Truncated Reverse Path Broadcasting (TRPB). mrouted structures routing information in the form of a pruned broadcast delivery tree that contains routing information.mrouted structures routing information only to those subnets that have members of the destination multicast group. In other words, each router determin
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Overview The mrouted Routing Daemon In this figure, themrouted router R1 receives a multicast packet from node M. Because R1 is configured as one end of a tunnel, R1 encapsulates the IP multicast packet in a standard unicast IP packet addressed to themrouted router R2. The packet, now treated as a normal IP packet, is sent through the intervening nonmulticast network to R2. R2 receives the packet and removes the outer IP header, thereby restoring the original multicast packet. R2 then forwards the
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Overview The mrouted Routing Daemon Normally, IP multicast addresses are mapped to 802.3 or Ethernet multicast addresses. The IP multicasting addressing scheme, similar to Ethernet’s scheme, uses the datagram’s destination address to indicate multicast delivery. When an IP multicast address is mapped to an Ethernet multicast address, the low-order 23 bits of the IP multicast address are placed into the low-order 23 bits of the special Ethernet multicast address. The hexadecimal value of the spec
